在网上发现一个极好的python库，用于信息安全的，叫 PyCrypto：
https://www.dlitz.net/software/pycrypto/

又找了windows的版本：
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/modules.shtml#pycrypto

下载后装了用了一下，感觉很好：

包括听说过的所有主流算法：
http://packages.python.org/pycrypto/ 

Submodules

Crypto.Cipher: Symmetric- and asymmetric-key encryption algorithms. Crypto.Cipher.AES: AES symmetric cipher Crypto.Cipher.ARC2: RC2 symmetric cipher Crypto.Cipher.ARC4: ARC4 symmetric cipher Crypto.Cipher.Blowfish: Blowfish symmetric cipher Crypto.Cipher.CAST: CAST-128 symmetric cipher Crypto.Cipher.DES: DES symmetric cipher Crypto.Cipher.DES3: Triple DES symmetric cipher Crypto.Cipher.PKCS1_OAEP: RSA encryption protocol according to PKCS#1 OAEP Crypto.Cipher.PKCS1_v1_5: RSA encryption protocol according to PKCS#1 v1.5 Crypto.Cipher.XOR: XOR toy cipher Crypto.Cipher.blockalgo: Module with definitions common to all block ciphers. Crypto.Hash: Hashing algorithms Crypto.Hash.HMAC: HMAC (Hash-based Message Authentication Code) algorithm Crypto.Hash.MD2: MD2 cryptographic hash algorithm. Crypto.Hash.MD4: MD4 cryptographic hash algorithm. Crypto.Hash.MD5: MD5 cryptographic hash algorithm. Crypto.Hash.RIPEMD: RIPEMD-160 cryptographic hash algorithm. Crypto.Hash.SHA: SHA-1 cryptographic hash algorithm. Crypto.Hash.SHA224: SHA-224 cryptographic hash algorithm. Crypto.Hash.SHA256: SHA-256 cryptographic hash algorithm. Crypto.Hash.SHA384: SHA-384 cryptographic hash algorithm. Crypto.Hash.SHA512: SHA-512 cryptographic hash algorithm. Crypto.Hash.hashalgo Crypto.Protocol: Cryptographic protocols Crypto.Protocol.AllOrNothing: This file implements all-or-nothing package transformations. Crypto.Protocol.Chaffing: This file implements the chaffing algorithm. Crypto.Protocol.KDF: This file contains a collection of standard key derivation functions. Crypto.PublicKey: Public-key encryption and signature algorithms. Crypto.PublicKey.DSA: DSA public-key signature algorithm. Crypto.PublicKey.ElGamal: ElGamal public-key algorithm (randomized encryption and signature). Crypto.PublicKey.RSA: RSA public-key cryptography algorithm (signature and encryption). Crypto.Random Crypto.Random.Fortuna Crypto.Random.Fortuna.FortunaAccumulator Crypto.Random.Fortuna.FortunaGenerator Crypto.Random.Fortuna.SHAd256: SHA_d-256 hash function implementation. Crypto.Random.OSRNG: Provides a platform-independent interface to the random number generators supplied by various operating systems. Crypto.Random.OSRNG.fallback Crypto.Random.OSRNG.nt Crypto.Random.OSRNG.posix Crypto.Random.OSRNG.rng_base Crypto.Random._UserFriendlyRNG Crypto.Random.random: A cryptographically strong version of Python's standard "random" module. Crypto.Signature: Digital signature protocols Crypto.Signature.PKCS1_PSS: RSA digital signature protocol with appendix according to PKCS#1 PSS. Crypto.Signature.PKCS1_v1_5: RSA digital signature protocol according to PKCS#1 v1.5 Crypto.Util: Miscellaneous modules Crypto.Util.Counter: Fast counter functions for CTR cipher modes. Crypto.Util.RFC1751 Crypto.Util._counter Crypto.Util._number_new Crypto.Util.asn1 Crypto.Util.number Crypto.Util.py21compat: Compatibility code for Python 2.1 Crypto.Util.py3compat: Compatibility code for handling string/bytes changes from Python 2.x to Py3k Crypto.Util.randpool Crypto.Util.strxor Crypto.Util.winrandom Crypto.pct_warnings

我在【win7操作系统 + 32位机器】上装python2.7 和PyCrypto （也有64位的版本） ，用这个辅助学习，感觉挺方便的。

其他引用来源：

Installing PyCrypto On Windows (Or How To Build Installers For Libraries With C-Modules)

http://www.razorvine.net/blog/user/irmen/article/2009-12-05/166

pycrypto 2.0.1 - Cryptographic modules for Python.

http://pypi.python.org/pypi/pycrypto/2.0.1

Hashing passwords using SHA256 is not enough today

http://forums.udacity.com/questions/6016855/hashing-passwords-using-sha256-is-not-enough-today#cs253

Python-list -- General discussion list for the Python programming language

http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list

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